If you want to apply science to criminal investigations and the justice system, forensic science offers degrees, postgraduate courses, and apprenticeships to launch your career
What is forensic science?
Forensic science uses scientific methods to solve crimes and support the justice system. It's a broad field with specialisms such as:
- crime scene investigation - collecting and protecting evidence
- digital forensics - analysing data from devices
- forensic anthropology - identifying human remains
- forensic psychology - understanding criminal behaviour
- toxicology - detecting drugs, alcohol, and poisons.
As crime continues to increase, demand for forensic skills is growing. Scotland's Forensic Services workforce rose by over 10% between 2020 and 2025, reflecting this trend.
With the UK's National DNA Database generating hundreds of thousands of matches each year and digital evidence used in over 90% of criminal cases in England, forensic science is more important than ever - offering strong, in-demand career opportunities.
Forensic science degrees
To become a forensic scientist, you'll usually need an undergraduate degree. You can study forensic science on its own or alongside related subjects like:
What will I learn?
Forensic science degrees combine theory with hands-on practice, helping you apply science to real investigations. You'll typically learn how to:
- analyse trace evidence, from fibres to fingerprints
- carry out DNA profiling and toxicology testing
- collect and preserve evidence in mock crime scenes
- interpret case studies and piece together investigations
- use laboratory techniques to handle and analyse evidence.
'Where forensic science differs from a general science degree is in how core scientific knowledge is applied to problem solving in crime investigations, and in understanding the legal requirements of evidence,' explains Dr Clive Steele, course leader of BSc Forensics at London South Bank University (LSBU).
'A forensic science degree teaches you how to apply scientific thinking to real-world scenarios and how to combine information from different sources to draw conclusions - skills that are not only essential for forensics but also highly valuable for broader career opportunities,' he adds.
For example, the BSc Forensic Science at the University of Lancashire includes modules such as:
- biological evidence
- crime scene to court
- forensic genetics.
Students gain hands-on experience in crime scene houses and forensic taphonomy labs, learning how to collect, analyse and present biological evidence like DNA and body fluids. The course also includes courtroom training, helping students develop the skills needed to act as expert witnesses in legal settings.
What are the entry requirements?
Entry requirements for forensic science degrees vary between universities, but most courses are designed to ensure you have a solid grounding in science and the analytical skills needed for investigative work.
For example, the BSc in Forensic Sciences at LSBU takes three years to complete. You'll need 112 UCAS points (BBC at A-level), including maths and English qualifications. If you don't meet these criteria, the institution offers upskilling in these areas at their partner college to help prepare you for degree-level study.
For example, BSc in Forensic Science at Northumbria University typically requires 96 to 112 UCAS tariff points (BBC to BCC), including at least a grade B in A-level:
- applied science
- biology
- chemistry.
What is accreditation and why does it matter?
When choosing a forensic science degree, it's important to check whether the programme is accredited by the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences (CSFS).
'Accreditation demonstrates that the course has been independently assessed by forensic practitioners and includes the key areas employers look for,' explains Dr Clive Steele. These areas include:
- crime scene investigation - handling and documenting evidence
- evaluation and presentation of evidence - analysing findings and explaining them clearly
- laboratory analysis and interpretation - testing and understanding results accurately.
Completing an accredited programme can boost employability, as Dr Steele adds, 'it shows that students not only have a strong theoretical background but also practical experience in key areas.'
Accreditation also ensures you're well-prepared to meet the professional and legal standards required in forensic work.
Institutions with accredited courses include:
| Region | Universities |
|---|---|
| London | London South Bank University, University of West London |
| South East England | University of Kent, Cranfield University, The Open University |
| East of England | Anglia Ruskin University |
| South West England | University of the West of England, Bournemouth University |
| Midlands | De Montfort University, Nottingham Trent University |
| North West England |
Liverpool John Moores University, University of Lancashire |
| North East England | Northumbria University, Teesside University, Durham University |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | University of Bradford, University of Hull, University of Huddersfield |
| Wales | University of South Wales |
| Scotland | University of the West of Scotland, University of Strathclyde |
This is not an exhaustive list. To see if your preferred institution is accredited see the CSFS accredited course search.
Postgraduate courses in forensic science
If your undergraduate degree isn't in forensic science, a postgraduate course is a great way to build specialist skills and boost your employability.
A postgraduate degree isn't always essential, but it can give you a competitive edge - especially if your first degree is unrelated. Some specialist or analytical roles may prefer (or require) postgraduate-level knowledge, and it can sometimes lead to higher entry-level positions.
Options include :
- an MSc in forensic science - often with specialisms such as toxicology, anthropology, or digital forensics.
- Postgraduate certificates (PGCert) or diplomas (PGDip) - shorter, focused courses
- Professional qualifications - offered by organisations such as the CSFS.
Many courses are available part-time or online, so you can study alongside work.
For example, the MSc at Nottingham Trent University is a one-year full-time course covering biometrics, forensic databases and advanced forensic science. You can also choose modules like environmental crime or analytical toxicology. Fees are around £10,000 for UK students. Learn more about your postgraduate funding options.
At University of the West of England (UWE), the MSc costs around £10,250 per year. You'll usually need a 2:2 in a related subject and study areas such as crime scene investigation, forensic analysis and an independent research project.
Shorter postgraduate certificates are often in a specialist area of forensics. For example, the University of York offers a Forensic Speech Science (PGCert) covering linguistics, phonetics and acoustics and how to apply this in legal investigations and proceedings. Fees are typically lower than an MSc - around £6,010.
You can also build credibility alongside or after your studies with industry-recognised certifications. For example, the CSFS offers Chartered Forensic Practitioner (ChFP) status for experienced professionals. This recognises your expertise, courtroom skills and continuing professional development (CPD), and can support career progression or expert witness work.
These qualifications aren't usually required for entry-level roles, but they can give you a competitive edge as you progress.
Forensics apprenticeships
Offering a hands-on route into forensic careers, apprenticeships combine paid work with recognised qualifications. You can start in entry-level lab roles or progress into specialist areas like digital forensics or crime investigation.
Forensic science laboratory technician (Level 3)
This apprenticeship takes 21 to 24 months and is a common entry point. You'll usually need around five GCSEs (9 to 4/A to C), including maths, English, and science, while A-level science or lab experience can be helpful.
During the apprenticeship, you'll develop skills in evidence handling and laboratory testing, earning a Level 3 qualification and eligibility for Registered Science Technician (RSciTech) status.
Roles are available in:
- police forensic labs, such as the West Midlands Police Fingerprint Lab
- private forensic laboratories.
Digital forensic technician (Level 4)
If you're interested in technology, this apprenticeship takes around two years. Entry requirements usually include a Level 3 qualification in IT or science and a strong interest in problem solving.
You'll gain a Level 4 diploma (HNC equivalent) and learn how to recover and analyse digital evidence, preparing you to support investigations with employers such as:
- police forces, including the Metropolitan Police
- forensic service companies.
Serious and complex crime investigator (Level 6)
For those aiming to become detectives, this degree apprenticeship runs for around 30 months. You'll typically need two to three A-levels and must pass police recruitment checks.
This route combines a BSc in investigative policing or crime investigation with professional detective training, leading to accreditation as a detective. You'll develop skills in crime scene management, forensic strategy, and case building, meeting College of Policing standards for PIP2 investigator certification.
It's delivered in partnership with universities such as:
Forensic collision investigator (Level 6)
This route takes around 42 months and focuses on road traffic investigations. Entry usually requires at least two A-levels in science or engineering, along with a full driving licence.
You'll graduate with a BSc (Hons) in Forensic Road Collision Investigation and develop expertise in collision reconstruction and vehicle analysis, registering with the Institute of Traffic Accident Investigators (ITAI) and often training with organisations like the Accident Investigation Training School.
Advanced digital forensic professional (Level 7)
At a more advanced level, this apprenticeship lasts around 36 months. You'll need a relevant degree, for example, a BSc in computing, cybersecurity, or forensic science, or significant experience. You must already be working in a digital forensics role.
This route leads to a Masters-level qualification and prepares you for advanced roles in police high-tech crime units. The apprenticeship is delivered by law enforcement agencies and private forensic technology firms in partnership with universities like Cranfield University.
Discover how to apply for an apprenticeship.
Forensics work experience
Gaining work experience is a great way to explore forensic science and build practical skills. Whether you choose a short insight programme or a longer placement, experience helps you strengthen your CV, understand the realities of the role, and make more informed decisions about your future in forensic science.
If you're still exploring your options, insight programmes offer a quick introduction. For example, the British Transport Police Scientific Support Unit runs a two-day placement covering crime scene work and lab techniques, while Staffordshire Police offers week-long programmes for school and sixth form students across forensic and emergency response teams.
For university students, sandwich-year placements provide more in-depth experience, often lasting 12 months. Merseyside Police offer placements in areas like the Force Intelligence Bureau (FIB), while the National Crime Agency, which offers 'year in industry' roles in cybercrime and major investigations, giving you experience with digital evidence and serious casework.
You could also apply for a six-week summer placement with South Wales Police, where you'll:
- gain hands-on forensic experience
- network with professionals
- receive expert guidance on real-world investigations.
Some universities, such as Staffordshire University, include placements within their degrees, helping you gain experience as you study.
Careers in forensics
Forensic science is a competitive field, so a degree alone isn't always enough - you'll need relevant experience to make your job application stand out.
'Employers in the forensic science sector typically look for candidates that can demonstrate good problem solving skills, attention to detail, good communication and the ability to work well under pressure,' says Dr Steele.
You'll also benefit from 'knowledge of the regulatory framework around forensic science is increasingly desirable, including an understanding of the role of the Forensic Science Regulator and the quality standards and their application to forensic organisations,' he adds.
The field is constantly evolving, and digital forensics skills are becoming increasingly important as cybercrime continues to grow. In the UK, nationally significant cyberattacks more than doubled between 2024 and 2025, meaning strong digital skills can give you a clear advantage.
Typical starting salaries vary depending on your role:
| Role | Typical UK starting salary |
|---|---|
| Forensic laboratory technician | £22,000 to £25,000 |
| Crime scene investigator | £22,000 to £27,000 |
| Digital forensic analyst | £22,000 to £30,000 |
| Toxicology analyst | £23,000 to £30,000 |
With experience or postgraduate study, you can progress into roles with higher salaries including:
Where you could work
With a forensic science degree, you're not limited to one path. You could work in:
- education or research (including PhDs and academia)
- forensic and analytical laboratories
- law enforcement and criminal justice (e.g. police support, CSI roles)
- pharmaceutical or science-based industries.
For example, alumni from London South Bank University have gone on to roles such as:
- crime scene investigators with the Metropolitan Police
- forensic scientists
- lab technicians
- toxicologists
Their graduates have found roles in institutes like the Francis Crick Institute and Eurofins.
Discover what you can do with a degree in forensic science.